Alloy and method of making same



Patented Feb, 2%, 1923;

Josnrn vviu. BRAMWELL, or BnieWYN, PENNSYLVANIA, AssisNon T AMERIcAN BRONZE oonronArro or nnnwvurnivnsvnvimm, A conronA'rIoN or PENN- SYLVALN 1A.

AIILQY AND METHOD OF MAKING SAEI E;

Application filed November 13, 1919. Serial Ito. 337,778.

To all whom it may concern;

a citizen of the United States, residing in Berwyn, Chester County, Pennsylvania,- 5 have invented ing Same, of which the following is a speciiication.

One object of my invention is to provide a high grade bearing bronze inrod or tubu- 1o lar form, for use particularly in automatic screw machines for the economical production of bushings of various sizes and lengths,

or in sheet form for the economical production by stamping of discs and washers. Another object of the invention ,to provide a method fortreating I, alloys of the above noted class, whereby 'thevaluable qualities inherent in what may be referred to as the raw material are .preservedin the improved product, so that vfor example, an

alloy of a certain composition particularly. adapting it for use as a be aring meta1-, Wh en subjected to my method of treatment not I only has no impairment of its qualities as'a hearing metal but in addition has given to -it other qualities adding materially to its value .as a material for the manufacture of machine elements or' parts ;+-the invention especially contemplating such a method of so procedure in the production of certain articles such as tubular bearlngs as Wlll terially reduce their cost both in material and labor. a f

In carrying out my inventio-nl may. use

as apparatus suchgas is "shown in the accompanying-drawings, in which- 'The figure is a diagrammatic representa tion in vertical section of'a furnace, tank and rolling mill constituting apparatus 40 which may be employed in connection with my invention.

1 have discovered that by employing 'certain methods hereinafter described, I am ableto successfully roll, draw or swage a at non-ferrous alloy containing more than 85% 'scopper, more than 9%;% tinand more than 2% zinc and preferably containing 869 70 copper, 11%tin and 2-1 %.zinc'. The basic ternary alloy whose low limits are referred to as containing more than 85% of copper, more than 9 of tin, and more than 2% ofzinc, can, within the scope of my process, 7 my claims, and'my practice he made to include relatively small additions not to @X p ceed 2% each of each or several of the metals Be it known that L'JOSEPH 'lV. BRAMWELL,

Alloys and Methods of Malttanium, tungsten, uranium, vanadium, zir- 932 F. at which the eutectic fuses to 1483 F1 and preferably to 1250 ,F., in a furnace lute, simultaneously with a draft not in exquired. As a result of this treatment the future demands.

known and'commonly' used designsof such comprisedin the groups or families represented byz'aluminum arsenic, boron, co-v bait, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, ti-

conium.

In carrying out my invention I heat an alloy of approximately the composition above specified to a temperature of from such as is indicated at 1 f0r a period of time (depending upon the size and mass of the piece under-going manipulation) sufficient to -enable such specimen to become thoroughly heated throughout to a temperature within the prescribed limits and then immediately subject the piece to treatment ina suitable cooling medium, preferably by plunging-it into a bath 2 of cold 'water.

T he. specimen is thereafter submitted with out further heating, to a rolling, drawing or .swaging process in a suitable rolling mill 3 ata speed not in excess of 15 feet per min 7 cessof .0625, and this process is repeated as occasionrequires depending upon the size and mass of the piece undergoing manipulation and upon the ultimate dimensions re- 55.

alloy analyzing as above described can be successfully produced in rods, sheets and tubes of dimensions to; meet existing and In the preparation'lof"rollingequipment-9o fornthe, production of rods and tubes from thefl'alloy as described above, I have discovered the necessity of departure from wellequipment, for -ifthe grooves in such rolls be concentric,,a fin will be. produced on the specimen which will render it useless.- lf on the other hand the grooves be opened 4 as isthe common practice in the'rrolling of steel and other alloys, such opening will permit the specimento fracture.

dius between the rolls d and 5. of fromg processga certain fixed relation should exist between the speed of rolls and theamount v loop I have discovered thatfa chamfer or m;

. integrate.

of my invention it I v 'k of reduction or draft of the material possessing the high tin content. For example,

at a roll speed of 15 feet per minute, the

maximum safe reduction or draft was found to be and any. greater draft at the same speed caused the material to dis In accordance with this'feature :reductibn or draft at each passmaximum' for any increased speed Szspeed ft. per min. at each pass;

S =any other increased speed;

R thedraft for any other increased speed will be inversely as the fourth powers of S and S then SX .0625 e- T s As a result of my method of treatment the physical properties of an alloy of the chemicalcomposition above noted and havingas originally cast an ultimatestrength of approximately 45,000-pounds per square inch,

a yield point of approximately 22,500 pounds er s uare inch an elon 'ation in 2 of from 9% to 12% and a Brinell hardness number of about 90, can be improved so that the ultimate strength will be over 110,000 pounds per square inch, the elastic limit will be over 100,000 pounds per square inch, the elongationover 40% in two inches and the Brinell hardness number over 200.

Also the ductility ofthe alloy can be ma terially increased and the specific gravity increased from 8.66 to 9.01; In short, the

wear resisting qualities and consequent desirability and adaptability of the metal as a bearing material are greatly. enhanced.

Iclaim: 1 1. The method which consists in heating a bronze alloy; containing more than 85% of copper, more than 9%% of tin and more than 2% of zinc, 932 F. to 1483"- F., immediately quenching said alloy 1n a cooling medium and there after compacting the alloy' as by rolling, drawing or swaging.

2. The method which consists in heating a bronze alloy containing more than 85% of copper, more than 9%% of tin and more than 2% of zinc to a temperature below that at which it disintegrates and above that at which the eutectic fuses; and subjecting said alloy to a compacting operation at the speed and draft represented by the formula 4 izggeee 3. The method Which consists in heating an alloy containing more than 85% of copper, more than 9% of tin and more than 2% of zinc to a temperature of from 932 F to 1483 F and subjecting said alloy to a compacting operation between rolls hav- 2 ing a chamfer orradius of one sixty-fourth of an inch to three-sixteenths of an inch on of their grooves.

the edges 7 JOSEPH WM. BRAMWELL' to a temperature of from 

